Unit 10. Facilitative Learning

The most interesting in this chapter was about how a teacher avoid solve every single problem before the class Black (1993). Many years ago it was the way in which teacher works inside of classroom, teachers makes mistakes when tell too much to students for example at the beginning of class teacher says what they will do, what he prepared to them obviously students need to know the objective of class but if teacher start the class telling the about every detail of class it will transform as a boring habit losing the students´ interest in learning. Nowadays the majority of teachers try to find activities that help to them during the learning process, for example; at the end of class students are accustomed listen to teacher summary a good activity to change it will be that instead of listening to teacher any of students can collaborate summarizing about main points of class. These type of activities let to teacher control the learning process while students transform in the center off class. 

In the following video you can find relevant information about Facilitative learning and what are the most important advantage about start transforming learning. 

References

The Handbook of Transformative LearningThe Handbook of Transformative Learning. (2017). Google Books. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=AyT2UTqOPBYC&pg=PT460&dq=black+1993+learning+centered&hl=es&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP5J-s2bnTAhVCSSYKHeE0AA8Q6AEIKzAB#v

What is TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING? What does TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING mean?What is TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING? What does TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING mean?. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bL0ZaunotNg

Unit 9. The role of the teacher

Be a facilitator of learning means work hard in every single aspect of teaching. Weimer (2013). In this chapter the authors focus on the role of teacher as a facilitator in teaching process, for the majority of people teacher is view as the person who is in charge of complete teaching process while the students do no participate actively into the classroom it means that students just observe to teacher without any opinion. Make students involve in hard work in teaching process increase their interest in learn Weimer (2012). As a future teacher is relevant know different aspects about learning, in this case teacher is not the unique person who works during the teaching and learning process, students must be part of an active class developing their own skills and knowledge, for that reason in future classes I will apply activities such as write the first day of class their expectations in class and things that they will do to accomplish them. 

In the video you can check more about teachers role and students learning center.

References

10 Expectations
10 Expectations. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K96c-TGnSf4&list=PL0134792CEB4EF46D

Maryellen Weimer, P.Maryellen Weimer, P. (2012). Five Characteristics of Learner-Centered Teaching. Faculty Focus | Higher Ed Teaching & Learning. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/effective-teaching-strategies/five-characteristics-of-learner-centered-teaching/

Learner-Centered TeachingLearner-Centered Teaching. (2017). Google Books. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=pGBwO7uMmj4C&printsec=frontcov

Unit 8, Speaking

The most relevant in this unit was about speech to communicate with other people. At the moment to use language to transmit own ideas we do not use the language in an accurately form. Speaking skill focus on language production rather than in receives it. In this skills is included the study of intonation, function, connected speech, interactive speech, oral fluency accuracy and appropriacy Williams, Pulverness and Spratt (2011).  For an adequate and successful oral communication in English language speaker has to take into account the appropriacy in speech, fluency, and accuracy all of these help in the process of speaking improvement. Sub skills such as: oral fluency, functions and register using connected speech, body language is include in speaking part all of these have an specific role on the speaking acquirement. In future as an English teachers I will make students practice in pronunciation and intonation part because with the correct use of it speaker can express their ideas without any difficulties and feel confident at the moment to speak in an accurately way Wesson (2005).

in the following video you can check more information about speaking skill.

References

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition

Anon(2017). Le.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from http://www.le.ac.uk/pc/bdp5/Cari's%20Thesi

The surprising secret to speaking with confidence | Caroline Goyder | TEDxBrixtonThe surprising secret to speaking with confidence | Caroline Goyder | TEDxBrixton. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2MR5XbJtXU

Unit 7. Listening

Listening is a conscious process in which listener understands the meaning from contextual knowledge Küpper (1989). Listening structure has less organization than the others skills because it let to speaker communicate fluently. During this unit I learned about every single component that helps to develop an accurate listening. This skill also includes subskills such as listen for detail, listen for gist, and listen for specific information. As future English teacher I will apply activities and strategies to facilitate learners´ development about their receptive skill. For example if I will teach about intonation or stress in words I will use cards with parts of words underlined or marked in order to make students notice that in this part they need to put more attention because it shows intonation or stress in words that then they will listen. This type of activities facilitates the students’ comprehension of English language. It create a habit in which students will put more attention in sounds patterns when learn new words.     

In the following video you will find more information about how to improve in listening skill.

References 

Anon
(2017). E-spacio.uned.es. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/bibliuned:Epos-79E91638-0D39-F0AD-ED6C-99F3104C6F5C/Documento.pdf

5 Secrets to Improve Your English Listening Skills5 Secrets to Improve Your English Listening Skills. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtKX_H5wr5o

Unit 6. Writing

Writing called productive skill which transmits sings as message writing or printed on a page. Writing includes different text types of it used in diverse environment that we use in our daily life depending on humans necessities. Examples of text types are letter, essay, emails, etc. All of these text types have diverse register , level of formality, complexity of grammar, and layouts. Writing should be organized in a logical way including paragraphs , sentences to create a precise piece of writing  is necessary take into account sub skills like: using grammar correctly to join sentences in a logical way, look for the appropriate spelling to be sure that it is understandable. To help students with the writing process is consider that the most important step in the process is generate ideas to write Verner (2011), for that reason I will apply adequate activities like brainstorm ideas in order to get the students´ interest evaluating the impact in the final text. 

References

• Verner, S.Verner, S. (2011). How To Teach Writing: 6 Methods For Generating Writing Ideas. Busy Teacher. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from http://busyteacher.org/4650-how-to-teach-writing-6-methods-for-generating.html

BrainstormingBrainstorming. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSufG-AIQYo

Unit 5. Reading

Known as receptive skill reading is one of the four English language skills, which involves understanding the written text, as listening skill reading imply replying to text Williams, Pulverness and Spratt (2011).  To develop reading we need to use skills like scanning read for specif information, skiming reading for gist. Reading present three stages which are Pre- reading, During reading and Post-reading all of these are used to improve two types of reading extensive and intensive reading Fries (1964).

Nowadays the majority of students in schools do not like to read or they do not have the habit because of many reasons, one of them is the wrong reading teaching, for this reason in my future classes I will teach reading English skill, stage by stage using appropriate activities for each one, it will help to students increase their interest in reading creating a New generation of readers who feels relaxed and not frustrated at the moment to read.

To clarify the reading stages here in this video you can find more about it.

References

Linguistics and Reading
Linguistics and Reading. (2017). Google Books. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://books.google.com.ec/books/about/Linguistics_and_Reading.html?id=zQjVPQAACAAJ&source=kp_cover&redir

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition

Teaching Practice and the Reading Lesson: A Focus on the Three StagesTeaching Practice and the Reading Lesson: A Focus on the Three Stages. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYH6X3f9PoU

Unit 4. Functions

By the time we know that communication has always a purpose, it means that every single expression or idea that we use is telling by a reason or it has a function in communication Spratt, Pulverness and Williams (2011).  The relationship between meaning and function of language is crucial to understand the purpose of communication Hébert (2014), in this unit I learned that each one of the words have functions or was mentioned by a purpose, in which you can find greeting, clarifying funtions. The language that we include or use is called exponent and it could be identify in context and forms.,  it is expressed depending on the levels of formality which are formal, informal and neutral. In a real class teacher can  explain better using examples of each one in different context and explaining the difference between them. As in these examples: into a classroom - Neutral (Good morning), Formal (I like to say to every one Good morning) and Informal (morning!), students can identify easily three formality levels.

To clarify any doubts you will check this video in which summarize the information.

Resources

Marchand, M.
Marchand, M. (2017). Roman Jakobson : The Functions of Language / Signo - Applied Semiotics Theories. Signosemio.com. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from http://www.signosemio.com/jakobson/functions-of-language.asp

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS
The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition

Formal vs Informal Language
Formal vs Informal Language. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LmhIu3phqk

Unit 3. Phonology

Phonology is a branch which study different speech sounds in language Nordquist (2016), in this unit I learned about phonemes, word stress, sentence stress and intonation all of this known as sound features which helps to distinguish the meaning in language Spratt, Pulverness and Williams (2011). In language phonemes are divided in phonemic chart, which contains vowels, diphthongs and consonants. The majority of the students have problems with sound features because is a little difficult to teacher explains in a short and clear way. Fort that reason in my future as an English teacher I will use phonemic chart to explaining step by step the role of organs like teeth, mouth, lips and tongue in pronunciation process, in few words I will fix theoretical part with practice by clear examples of each one to improve their pronunciation and fluency of English language, it will be used as an innovative strategy to face some phonemic problems that are present nowadays into the classroom. 

In the following video you can find a guide to understand the phonemic chart

Resources

What Is Phonology?

What Is Phonology?. (2017). ThoughtCo. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.thoughtco.com/phonology-definition-1691623

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS
The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition

A step-by-step phonological analysis of Kenyang back stops

A step-by-step phonological analysis of Kenyang back stops. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGGmtnxamhY

Unit 2 - Lexis

The most important in this unit about lexis was about  meaning and forms differences from words. In  text mentioned two types of meaning which are denotative and figurative. 
The description of a general idea is called denotation, while the imaginative meaning that we use to talk is known as figurative, Spratt, Pulverness and Williams (2011). Is relevant to mention that  meaning of words  comes from the context, it means that depending in how the word is used the meaning will vary. As words vary depending on context is the same with forms, because you can give different meaning to the base words suffix, prefix and creating compounds. The learning of meaning depends on the teaching language Hallyday (1975). To explain about meaning in context I will use examples about the new word,  for example to refers to procrastinated word I will write words like watching tv, playing videogames, etc. in order to let students discover the meaning, it will help to students understand in an easy way through examples related with word.

In the following video you can find more explanation and examples about teaching meaning of words depending on context.

References

Towards a language-based theory of learning - ScienceDirect
Towards a language-based theory of learning - ScienceDirect. (2017). Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic
The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS
The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition
How to Use Context to Determine the Meaning of Words
How to Use Context to Determine the Meaning of Words. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wm5d7c0xGt0

Unit 1 - Grammar

Grammar is a set of rules which help to use English language in a logical way, Murray (1795). In the other hand grammar is view as the way to organize a set of words including parts of the speech each one with their functions, Spratt, Pulverness, Willians (2011).Taking as reference the definition mentioned before, the most relevant for me in this unit was about how the nine parts of speech have specific functions and subcategories that works according with the speakers´ needs. Let me explain with a clear example. Teacher in the classroom will explain to students about parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, determiners, preposition, pronouns, conjuctions, exclamation using the function of each one, it makes that students understand in an easy way this part of grammar and not only focusing in the theoretical part. Moreover, the appropriate use of it gives to learners a great confidence to communicate without doubts.

In the following video you can find more information about each part of the speech with examples and functions of each one. 

References. 

English grammar, adapted to the different classes of learners; with an appendix, containing rules and observations for assisting the more advanced students to write with perspicuity and accuracy : Murray, Lindley, 1745-1826 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive

English grammar, adapted to the different classes of learners; with an appendix, containing rules and observations for assisting the more advanced students to write with perspicuity and accuracy : Murray, Lindley, 1745-1826 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive. (2017). Internet Archive. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from https://archive.org/details/englishgra

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS

The TKT Course Modules 1, 2 and 3 | Cambridge English Exams & IELTS. (2017). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from http://www.cambridge.org/es/cambridgeenglish/catalog/cambridge-english-exams-ielts/tkt-course-modules-1-2-and-3-2nd-edition

8 Parts Of Speech Video Lesson

8 Parts Of Speech Video Lesson. (2017). YouTube. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRr6ggbCLbU